What is the height of the ceilings in Khrushchev buildings: panel and brick five-story buildings

The height of the ceilings in Khrushchev-era buildings is only one of the parameters that is taken into account when planning a major renovation of a room. Many owners of living space that has been inherited are trying, with the help of modern technologies, to transform and decorate their home, which has long failed to meet modern standards. The problem is that the standard ceiling height depends on the year the Khrushchev building was built, the series number used to construct a particular building, and even on the raw materials that became the main material. Apartment buildings of that period were of different heights and different construction options. What they have in common is only the time of construction and the good intentions of the state.

Typical urban option

What is the difference between the types of houses Khrushchev and Brezhnevka

When buying an apartment, it is important to pay attention to the type of house, since different series of buildings have their own layout features and operating conditions.
The secondary real estate market offers a large number of apartments built during the Soviet Union: “Khrushchev”, “Brezhnev” and “Stalin” apartments. The name of each of the buildings is associated with the name of the leader of the USSR, in the era of which apartment buildings were erected. Let's look at how Khrushchevka differs from Brezhnevka and what is the peculiarity of each type of house

The name of each of the buildings is associated with the name of the leader of the USSR, during whose era the apartment buildings were erected. Let's look at the difference between Khrushchev and Brezhnev and what are the features of each type of house.

House type Khrushchev

Khrushchev buildings are the first type of mass development in the period from 1956 to 1985. Initially, this type of house was built from brick, but later reinforced concrete blocks began to be used. In terms of external parameters, the facades of the houses differ slightly - they have from 4 to 5 floors.

Apartments in brick buildings have an area of ​​up to 22 square meters. In rare cases, kitchens are more than 4.5 square meters, and rooms are from 6 to 9 square meters. The bathroom in such apartments is combined.

Poor sound insulation, small room sizes, low ceilings up to 2.6 meters are a plus only in the form of a low cost of the apartment. The service life of Khrushchev houses is designed for 25 years, but buildings of this type are still used today. Even with a limited budget, it is recommended to refrain from purchasing real estate in Khrushchev-era buildings and save up for more reliable housing. If there are no other options, then you should carefully examine the facade of the house, evaluate the strength of the building and the quality of communications.

Despite all the shortcomings of brick Khrushchev buildings, they are more practical than panel buildings. With similar areas of the apartment, serious heat losses occur due to the quality of the walls. Such properties should be purchased if they have undergone additional insulation.

Apartments in Khrushchev-era buildings differ in the following parameters:

• Adjacent or passage rooms;
• Narrow corridors and entrances;
• There is no elevator.

Brezhnevka house type

Brezhnevka refers to panel buildings erected between 1960 and 1990. Houses of this type are an improved version of Khrushchev panel buildings with 9 or 16 floors. Five-story Brezhnevka buildings were also built, but externally they are difficult to distinguish from Khrushchevka buildings.

Elevators and a garbage chute appeared in Brezhnevkas, the area of ​​​​the premises also increased and the ceiling height began to reach 2.8 meters. Kitchen area from 6 to 9 square meters, separate bathroom. The walls made of concrete and expanded clay have become of better quality. It is worth noting that there are options for houses of this type with small apartments (guest rooms), in which the walls do not differ from the Khrushchev panel buildings.

How to buy an apartment on the secondary market

Distinctive features of Brezhnevok:

• Separate bathroom with waterproofing;
• Wide flights of stairs and landings;
• Isolated rooms.

The layout in Brezhnevkas depends on a specific series of buildings. Their number exceeds more than forty episodes. It is worth highlighting the most common layouts in Brezhnevkas:

1. One-room - from 23 to 31 square meters;
2. Two-room apartment - from 43 to 45 square meters;
3. Three-room apartment - from 49 to 56 square meters;
4. Four-room apartment - from 69 to 72 square meters.

Comparison of Khrushchev and Brezhnevka

Brezhnevkas are preferable to panel Khrushchevkas. It is recommended to choose brick buildings or look for more modern housing.

Differences between Brezhnevka and Khrushchevka:

1. Number of storeys: Khrushchev-era buildings have fewer floors than Brezhnevka-era buildings;
2. Area: Brezhnevkas are more spacious than Khrushchevkas;
3. Convenience at the entrances: Brezhnevka apartments have an elevator and a garbage chute, but Khrushchevka apartments do not;
4. Ceiling height: in Brezhnevkas they are higher;
5. Market value: Khrushchev buildings are cheaper.

Height of a 5 storey building

For example, in a Khrushchev building where the ceilings are 2.40, the height of a 3-story building will be approximately 9 meters. The height of the 5-storey building is 15 meters in height.

Apartments in Khrushchev's houses were mostly one- and two-room. There were fewer three-room apartments. Four rooms is very rare.

• The ceiling height in Khrushchev-era buildings is from 2.45 to 2.6 meters.
• In some series of block houses it is 2.7 m.
• Kitchen area - from 4.9 to 7.1 m² (up to 7.5 m² in some apartments of series II-18 houses). Basically the kitchen had an area of ​​5.5 to 6 m²
• The bathroom, in most cases, is adjacent in all apartments.
• Two- and three-room apartments usually have a walk-through living room.

In addition, the “Khrushchev buildings” were provided with: central heating, cold water supply, sewerage, natural exhaust ventilation, and a kitchen stove. Hot water supply could be either central or individual, using gas water heaters or solid fuel water heaters. With rare exceptions, most apartments had a balcony (except for those located on the first floors); in some typical Khrushchev-era apartments, the end apartments had loggias.

"Khrushchev refrigerator"

Almost everywhere under the Khrushchev kitchen window, where there was very little space, they made a specific built-in closet type closet for storing food. The thickness of the outer wall in this closet was usually half a brick. In another version, a special hole was made to the outside, which served as ventilation. During the cold season, the cabinet replaced the refrigerator.

Under the window is a “Khrushchev refrigerator.”

Pantry

In many Khrushchev-era projects, especially the 1-335, 1-447, 1-464 series, the apartments have fairly large (2–3 m2) dark rooms without windows for storing things (storage rooms). In later designs, the size of closets was significantly reduced, from rooms to built-in wardrobes. In the projects of Brezhnev's houses, due to the proliferation of cabinets and other furniture, storage rooms were gradually abandoned.

Window in the bathroom

Even in the Khrushchev apartments, a window was made between the kitchen and the bathroom. (Sometimes with a separate bathroom - between the bath and toilet). A window about 40 cm high was made under the ceiling. In the kitchen it was opposite the street window. As a result of this solution, it was possible to save on electricity when visiting the bathroom.

Panel Khrushchev buildings were divided into demolishable and non-demolishable. The Khrushchev apartment buildings of the demolished series were built to temporarily solve the housing problem and were designed to last 25–30 years. Khrushchev buildings of the unbearable series had a design life of 50-60 years. But as a result of the study, it turned out that the service life can be extended to 150 years (if repaired in time). By the way, brick Khrushchev buildings belong to the unbearable series and have a service life of at least 100-150 years.

It should be noted that the window, about 40 cm high, is located under the ceiling. Moreover, in the kitchen it is located opposite the street window.

Standard ceiling height in residential premises: SNiP

Standard and optimal ceiling heights
SNiP 01/31/2003 “Multi-apartment residential buildings” sets a standard for ceiling heights in a one-, two- or three-room apartment. Depending on the type of room, this parameter is equal to the following minimum values:

• 2.5 m - kitchen and various rooms;
• 2.1 m - corridor space and apartment passages with 1 or several mezzanines;
• 2.2 m - a room with a boiler room where the heat generator is located.

Attention! More often, when installing several boiler houses in the basements of multi-storey buildings, established safety standards are not observed. The distance from the floor to the top in basement openings should be 1.6 m, and from the thresholds - at least 0.3 m.

Minimum ceiling height in a living room

The minimum values ​​for normal ceiling heights in one-, two- or three-room apartments in a multi-storey building are also established in SNiP 01/31/2003. The distance from the floor to the top is determined depending on the following indicators:

• climatic subregion and area where the house was built;
• type of specific residential premises.

The climatic subregion and region is a parameter that is specified in the SNiP document 01/23/99. This indicator is used to determine the air temperature at certain times of the year, as well as the direction of wind movement and humidity.

4 construction and climatic regions are taken into account, each of which has 16 subdistricts. The higher the category of such a place, the less severe the climate.

In subdistricts IA, IB, IB, IG and ID, the average ceiling height in an apartment is at least 2.7 m. In other subdistricts, this parameter has the following value - 2.5 m.

If these values ​​are observed, normal room air exchange and a certain microclimate are established in the apartment. In the kitchen and buildings located in the attic, the distance from the floor to the top is sometimes reduced.

In aisles and various corridors with 1 or several mezzanines, the distance from floor to ceiling is reduced to 2.1 m. Thus, residents move freely and safely around their apartment.

Standard ceiling height in an apartment

The standard ceiling height in a one-, two- or three-room apartment is considered optimal according to all criteria. Depending on the type of house, this parameter has the following values:

• 2.5-3.2 m - in Khrushchev, according to the standard, this ceiling height is often set in an apartment, but sometimes it can be equal to 2.4 m, although this does not correspond to modern building codes;
• 2.6-2.8 m - in new buildings;
• more than 3 m - in elite apartments of expensive new buildings or in Stalinist buildings, in both the first and second cases such real estate has a higher price per 1 sq. m. m.

According to experts, in terms of the ratio of price to comfort, the optimal distance from the floor to the top is 2.7 m. Many buyers are guided by this figure when purchasing a suitable apartment in a new building or real estate on the secondary market.

Ceiling height in a private house

There are different situations, and the standard ceiling height in an apartment is not always optimal. When building an ordinary, inexpensive and comfortable cozy home, this parameter is taken into account. However, when building an original living space, they act differently.

Depending on the type of private household, the following distance is left from the floor to the top:

• 2.3-2.5 m - when constructing a frame private household;
• 3-3.2 m - when constructing a brick building, then the standard distance from the floor to the top is increased by 20 cm.

In the second case, after proper house insulation, high living spaces are easier to heat. Then a beautiful design is developed for a room in a brick house, and the result is a modern and original interior.

In attic rooms, as well as in two-story private households, the distance from the floor to the top is different. In order to save money on construction and heating, the ceilings on the second floor are lowered by 10-20 cm.

Attention! If a private house has an attic, then everything depends on its angle of inclination. More often the distance from the floor to the top here is 0.8–1.5 m

The main thing is that such a living space does not cause discomfort to the residents, and everything else is a matter of price.

When building a private home, the area of ​​living space and the functionality of the surrounding space are also taken into account. The spacious living room is made higher, and the bathroom and corridor are made lower.

When implementing an individual design project, the rules are completely different. It all depends on the personal wishes of customers and designers.

How to determine the height of a building

Calculate the height of buildings as follows: multiply the height of the ceiling + ceiling by the number of floors. Typically, the average height of one floor is 3 meters. Then, the height of a 9-story building is 27 meters.

Therefore, it is not difficult to calculate how many meters, for example - 15 floors? It turns out that 45 meters.

• The height of a 25-story building is approximately 75 m.
• The height of a 20-story building is 60 m.
• 25 meters, how many floors? We divide 25 ⁄ 3, approximately 8 floors.
• The 16-storey building will be 48 meters high.
• 12-storey building with a height of -36 m.
• How many floors are there in 35 m? The answer is approximately 12 floors. By the way - 35 floors. will be 105 m.

Don't forget that these are all average numbers. It all depends on the project. For example, the height of the ceilings of the “Stalinist house” exceeded standard Khrushchev buildings. The ceiling height was at least 3 meters. The ground floors in these houses were made higher, since they usually housed shops, studios, a post office and other social facilities. Houses of this type were designed for 125 years of operation.

Need to mark. that the multi-pitched roof further increased the height of the building. Therefore, according to the standards of that time, it turned out that taking into account the roof and the calculation of ceilings of 3 meters, the height of a 5-story building was 20 meters and above. Therefore, the usual calculation of the height of the house can be done based on the following parameters:

Secrets of redevelopment

What should be the height of the ceilings in a private house?

The main task of the owner of a Khrushchev house is to try to effectively use every meter of usable space

It is important to clarify here - not to clutter, but to use it functionally

Demolishing partitions is the first thing that comes to every resident’s mind. This method will add space to you and increase usable space. In this case, you need to familiarize yourself with the apartment plan, find out which wall is load-bearing (so as not to accidentally demolish it) and develop a detailed redevelopment plan.

For one-room apartments, the solution may be to create a studio apartment - when all the partitions are demolished and the room is combined with a kitchen and hallway. The latter is most often separated from the living room by furniture or conventional decor. To highlight the kitchen and separate it from the living area, you can raise the floor or use a flooring that is different from the room.

The studio apartment option is suitable for creative individuals or single people, but for families with small children it is better to leave the walls so that the space is divided into zones.

If you are not a fan of radical wall demolitions, replace partitions with arches or move doorways. Then you will get separate rooms and a more comfortable apartment.

A combined bathroom can be connected to part of the corridor - in the end you will get a large space where a washing machine or boiler can fit. The remaining space in the corridor can be used for a wardrobe. In this case, you will free up space in the room and you will have somewhere to store seasonal items.

Use mobile and multifunctional furniture. Especially if you have a one-room Khrushchev house, such furniture will become indispensable. Take a closer look at compact chests of drawers, wall-folding beds and cabinets.

If you have a storage closet, you can safely demolish it or attach it to an adjacent area - a corridor, a room. Owners of a two-room Khrushchev house, where one room does not have its own entrance, can add a new partition. There will be less living space, but you will have another personal space.

Cabinets that reach up to the ceiling will help save space in the kitchen. The main thing is not to make them too deep.

No matter how many rooms there are in your apartment, try to make them as bright as possible. The lighter the walls and ceiling, the wider the space appears. The ideal solution is to use shades of the same color for all rooms. In this case, regardless of the style, you can create a cozy atmosphere.

Also avoid saturated and bright colors in the decoration; it is better to add bright accents in the form of paintings, decor, pillows and souvenirs than to paint or paste over the Khrushchev in red or green colors.

Ceiling tiles

Using this material option, you can repair the ceiling with minimal cash costs. Once upon a time, tiles were considered popular; many people had such ceilings in at least one room.

The popularity of this method of finishing the ceiling in the living room lies in the wide variety of tile options. There are products on sale with large and small patterns, with different shades and textures.

The disadvantages of this finish are:

• Geometry of the pattern;
• Conspicuous tile borders. In other words, the ceiling does not look like a solid covering, so it can create an untidy appearance. The exception is the use of seamless tiles.

If preference is given to ceiling tiles, then their choice should be approached with maximum responsibility. It is not recommended to buy cheap material, as over time it may turn yellow under the influence of sunlight.

Despite the cheapness and variety of tiles, it is quite difficult to find an original option for cladding the ceiling in the living room. As for seamless products, they are more expensive.

What are Khrushchev buildings?

Features and use of white glossy stretch ceilings in the interior

In the fifties of the last century, in a country that had slightly recovered from the consequences of a terrible war, the issue of providing housing for its population became acute. The main task was to provide separate apartments for families huddled in barracks and communal apartments. And there were a huge number of such people in the state building communism. The situation was complicated many times over due to the significant destruction of the housing stock during the war years.

Layout of Khrushchev 2 rooms - options

It was necessary to build a large number of apartment buildings in a short period of time, and with minimal financial investments. At the same time, emphasis was placed on functionalism, simplicity and rigor of the forms of architectural objects.

One of the most undeniable achievements of Soviet power is the massive construction of free housing, which began shortly after the end of the Second World War.

The new residential buildings contrasted sharply with Stalinist architecture, which was distinguished by its monumentality and splendor. Khrushchev houses received their popular name in honor of Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev; as a rule, such housing was built during his period in power.

Khrushchev buildings - the main pros and cons of houses

The style of apartment buildings built according to standard designs belongs to functionalism. Both panel and block buildings and brick houses were erected. The bulk of public housing was built from reinforced concrete panels. Such buildings were built very quickly, often to the detriment of quality. They were distinguished by lightness of construction, poor thermal insulation and a high level of audibility in apartments. However, in terms of quality, functionality and comfort for residents, they could not be compared with two-story wooden buildings, the construction of which was popular under I.V. Stalin. The service life of panel houses was determined to be 25 and 50 years, but most of them are still in the housing stock.

Khrushchev buildings

In the absence of their own DSK in populated areas, preference was given to the construction of brick buildings. The building materials most often used were cheap sand-lime brick and standard reinforced concrete products, which included floor slabs, lintels, flights of stairs, etc. Brick buildings were assigned to the non-destructible series (the service life was determined to be one and a half hundred years).

Brick Khrushchev

Basically, the buildings have four or five floors (rarely, as a rule, in small settlements, buildings with fewer floors were also built). It is impossible to build houses higher without an elevator according to existing standards. The elevator and garbage chute were abandoned again due to economic considerations.

Also, a reduction in construction costs was achieved through rationalization of layouts. The living space standards and apartment dimensions have been revised downward. The ceiling height was limited to 2.5 meters (later series with higher ceilings appeared), the size of the kitchen varied between 5...6 square meters. m. (certain modifications of the series could boast of a larger footage of this room). Bathrooms began to be combined. The rooms in the two-room apartments were also not isolated. However, for the convenience of residents, the apartments included a small storage room and balconies.

Small storage room in Khrushchev

All the necessary amenities for living were available: central heating, water supply (hot could be either central or from gas water heaters), sewerage and ventilation systems were provided for in the design.

As a result, the emphasis on standard small-sized housing made it possible to reduce its cost by almost a third. It should be noted that for the vast majority of citizens, moving even into small apartments at that time was a big step towards creating comfortable living conditions, as people had the opportunity to move from communal apartments, barracks and dormitories to separate housing. Back then, owning an apartment, albeit a small one, seemed like a dream come true.

Pre-war building projects

Wallpapering

Just like in the previous method of decorating the ceiling, its original condition is of no small importance. For example, if the surface in a Khrushchev-era living room is perfectly flat, wallpaper can be glued immediately after priming. If there are significant defects, then you cannot do without leveling the ceiling.

The advantages of this method of finishing ceilings in the living room include accessibility and a large selection of materials. If you wish, you can carry out the work yourself. There are wallpapers on sale in various textures that can be painted in any color.

Choosing a style and advice from designers

With all the variety of stylistic solutions for the kitchen in the “Stalin” style, several directions are dominant:

1. Classic. Suitable for spacious rooms.
2. Minimalism. Owners should prefer a compact kitchen. It is distinguished by its laconicism, high functionality and limited color range.
3. Country. The predominance of wooden parts, antique accessories, and warm colors in the interior.

Within the framework of the styles used, designers advise using universal solutions, including the following:

1. Decorate the interior in light colors, especially in small rooms. They always visually expand the space. Dark color is acceptable in spacious kitchens with good light penetration.
2. Heavy fabrics are not recommended for use as curtains. They absorb odors and reduce light levels. Blinds and roller blinds look harmonious.
3. Large household electrical appliances are built into cabinets and niches to save space and improve the appearance of the kitchen.
4. Directional light from spotlights and spots will highlight the work area well, and hanging devices will give the dining space a cozy and complete look.
5. If it is impossible to hide the pipes, they are painted to match the walls.
6. It is recommended to avoid using many small details and decorative items that add chaos and fragmentation to the environment. A wall clock, a thematic painting, and live plants in an elegant stand will highlight the style.

Drywall

Drywall is not used as a tool for leveling floors - it is unprofitable, inconvenient and still leads to significant losses in the height of the room. However, this material does not need to be used in this way - it is valued for its ability to create suspended structures.

As noted above, lowering the ceiling in Khrushchev-era buildings is unacceptable, therefore plasterboard suspension systems are irrelevant for them. The only option that may make sense is to form a small threshold of plasterboard around the perimeter of the room. Lamps can be built into such a plasterboard ceiling in a Khrushchev-era hall to improve lighting and zone the room.

How to understand projects

"Stalin", Stalin's houses

All names come from the name of Stalin, during whose reign these houses were built. The main building material for the construction of Stalinist houses is brick. Brick houses were distinguished by higher number of storeys, elegant facades, spacious apartments, and better sound insulation.

These are large, beautiful houses with Soviet attributes. The facade of the house was usually decorated with stucco decoration. The outside of Stalin's houses was covered with plaster; large "nomenklatura" houses could be faced with stone or ceramic tiles. These houses have a high ground floor. The size to the ceiling is at least 3 meters. Hence the calculation of the height of the house. Therefore, the height of a five-story building is at least 20 m.

“Stalin” is the common colloquial name for apartment buildings built in the USSR from the late 1930s to the late 1950s

After Stalin, Khrushchev began to fight against “excesses” and before the start of mass construction of Khrushchev houses, “torn” Stalinist houses were erected without stucco decoration and often without plaster.

"Khrushchevka"

Who doesn't know them! By the way, there are still plenty of them all over the country! Now they are being demolished in big cities. But at one time, the “Khrushchevs” made it possible to resolve the acute housing shortage. At that time, no one was interested in the appearance of housing. Therefore, the apartments were small, the architecture of the houses was extremely simple and functional. They were built quickly, from standard parts, but there were many disadvantages. For example, the ceiling height was 2.48m. Later it was increased to 2.60 or 2.64m.

By the way, low-rise Khrushchev apartment buildings were built not only in villages, but also in small towns. Panel houses were popular. Because they were built quickly.

"Brezhnevki"

The name of a series of houses built in the USSR from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s, mainly during the reign of L. I. Brezhnev. The name “improved apartments” is also found. For more spacious houses built in the 1980s - “new layout”.

These are the same “boxes” as “Khrushchev buildings”. But in these houses the ceiling height was 2.7m. There were more spacious stairs and landings. Therefore, the height of the five-story building was completely different. The roof of all Brezhnevkas is flat, covered with bitumen materials, and, unlike Khrushchevkas, is equipped with internal gutters. Low-rise houses for rural and suburban construction can have two- or multi-pitched slate roofs.

Brezhnevkas were built in the USSR from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s.

Brezhnev's houses differ from Khrushchev's in the following features:

• Availability of a watch (since 1970), an elevator and a garbage chute; in later Brezhnevkas there is a staircase, etc. “back door” are combined;
• Higher number of floors, the most common are houses with a height of 9 (in later versions also 10), 12 and 16 (later 17) floors. In many cities, “Chinese walls” were also built - long Brezhnev roads with a large number of entrances;
• A large number of apartments on the landing - from 4 to 8;
• Larger area;
• A large number of rooms in apartments: if in the most popular series of Khrushchev buildings 1-447, 1-335, 1-464 there are mainly two-room and one-room apartments, then in Brezhnevkas four-room apartments appeared and the number of three-room apartments increased;
• Separate bathroom;
• Lack or fewer passage rooms;
• A relative variety of shapes (for example, both tall and wide buildings, rounded).
  In many cities, “Chinese walls” were built - long Brezhnev roads with a large number of entrances.

History of construction

Stalin thought about the acute shortage of affordable housing for the population and gave appropriate orders for its design and effective use throughout the country. Back in 1948, the first experimental frame-panel houses were built on Sokolinskaya Gora and Khoroshevskoe Highway in Moscow.

For the Soviet Union, this was a real breakthrough in urban planning. Four-story houses became one of the symbols of the post-war years. In two years, the first buildings were completed, and already at the beginning of the 50th year, documents were prepared with numbers of various series, which provided for the construction of future 5-story buildings for different regions of the country. Over time, the series was supplemented and refined.

Standard ceiling height in residential premises: SNiP

SNiP 31-01-2003 “Multi-apartment residential buildings” sets a standard for ceiling heights in a one-, two- or three-room apartment. Depending on the type of room, this parameter is equal to the following minimum values:

• 2.5 m - kitchen and various rooms;
• 2.1 m - corridor space and apartment passages with 1 or several mezzanines;
• 2.2 m - a room with a boiler room where the heat generator is located.

Minimum ceiling height in a living room

The minimum values ​​for normal ceiling heights in one-, two- or three-room apartments in a multi-storey building are also established in SNiP 01/31/2003. The distance from the floor to the top is determined depending on the following indicators:

• climatic subregion and area where the house was built;
• type of specific residential premises.

The climatic subregion and region is a parameter that is specified in the SNiP document 01/23/99. This indicator is used to determine the air temperature at certain times of the year, as well as the direction of wind movement and humidity.

4 construction and climatic regions are taken into account, each of which has 16 subdistricts. The higher the category of such a place, the less severe the climate.

In subdistricts IA, IB, IB, IG and ID, the average ceiling height in an apartment is at least 2.7 m. In other subdistricts, this parameter has the following value - 2.5 m.

If these values ​​are observed, normal room air exchange and a certain microclimate are established in the apartment. In the kitchen and buildings located in the attic, the distance from the floor to the top is sometimes reduced.

In aisles and various corridors with 1 or several mezzanines, the distance from floor to ceiling is reduced to 2.1 m. Thus, residents move freely and safely around their apartment.

Standard ceiling height in an apartment

The standard ceiling height in a one-, two- or three-room apartment is considered optimal according to all criteria. Depending on the type of house, this parameter has the following values:

• 2.5-3.2 m - in Khrushchev, according to the standard, this ceiling height is often set in an apartment, but sometimes it can be equal to 2.4 m, although this does not correspond to modern building codes;
• 2.6-2.8 m - in new buildings;
• more than 3 m - in elite apartments of expensive new buildings or in Stalinist buildings, in both the first and second cases such real estate has a higher price per 1 sq. m. m.

According to experts, in terms of the ratio of price to comfort, the optimal distance from the floor to the top is 2.7 m. Many buyers are guided by this figure when purchasing a suitable apartment in a new building or real estate on the secondary market.

Ceiling height in a private house

There are different situations, and the standard ceiling height in an apartment is not always optimal. When building an ordinary, inexpensive and comfortable cozy home, this parameter is taken into account. However, when building an original living space, they act differently.

Depending on the type of private household, the following distance is left from the floor to the top:

• 2.3-2.5 m - when constructing a frame private household;
• 3-3.2 m - when constructing a brick building, then the standard distance from the floor to the top is increased by 20 cm.

In the second case, after proper house insulation, high living spaces are easier to heat. Then a beautiful design is developed for a room in a brick house, and the result is a modern and original interior.

In attic rooms, as well as in two-story private households, the distance from the floor to the top is different. In order to save money on construction and heating, the ceilings on the second floor are lowered by 10-20 cm.

The main thing is that such a living space does not cause discomfort to the residents, and everything else is a matter of price.

When building a private home, the area of ​​living space and the functionality of the surrounding space are also taken into account. The spacious living room is made higher, and the bathroom and corridor are made lower.

Norms and rules for different rooms

If we talk about the standards provided for in individual premises, we can divide them into several categories.

For living rooms and kitchens

The length of the vertical walls should be no less than the height of the tallest family member plus one meter. The upper layers of air always contain a lot of bacteria and dust, so such parameters will provide not only convenience, but also good well-being.

In the hall and hallway

If there are mezzanines, the optimal distance from the floor to the structure is more than 210 centimeters.

Private house with attic

The minimum distance to the ceiling in a private residential building with an attic can be at least 140 centimeters. It is worth noting that this only applies to the room under the roof, where the walls are connected to the floors.

In non-residential premises

For example, such as a bathhouse or a garage, a large distance from the floor simply does not make sense.

• Apartment

  Interior math: 70 important dimensions, distances and heights you need to know

Let's recognize load-bearing walls

Regardless of what kind of house your home is located in - a panel Khrushchev building or a nine-story brick building - it will definitely have load-bearing walls and simply interior partitions. The latter can actually be removed without any consequences, while violating the integrity of the former will lead to serious troubles that threaten not only your apartment, but even the entire house. But sometimes the planned project requires that a through opening be made in one specific place, or maybe the wall is completely in the way?

In any case, you should not resort to dismantling without familiarizing yourself with the floor plan. If you don’t have one at hand, contact the technical inventory bureau or try to determine the load-bearing walls yourself.

In panel houses

Without finding technical documentation for the apartment, load-bearing walls in a panel house can be easily determined by their thickness: the fact is that the main walls supporting the floor panels are always a little thicker. Thus, the minimum thickness of a load-bearing wall in a standard panel house is 12 cm, not taking into account the layer of plaster and finishing materials, and additional partitions are 2 cm thinner.

Typically, internal walls do not affect the stability of the entire house, but only serve to divide the single space of the apartment into rooms. It is allowed to begin alteration and demolition work only after all walls have been carefully measured and key structures have been identified.

And one more thing: nine-story panel houses in most cases consist of main walls - such a structure is very reminiscent of a classic house of cards. When planning an apartment renovation in such a house, it is better to familiarize yourself with the detailed plan before starting work.

In Khrushchevka

There are several ways to understand which walls in a Khrushchev building are load-bearing:

the first, most correct one is to study the technical documentation; the second method suggests paying attention to the purpose of the wall - if you have a Khrushchev building, then load-bearing walls usually divide the floor into separate apartments, and secondary walls already divide each of them into rooms; the same applies to the areas separating the room from the flight of stairs or common corridors - they are always the main ones; but the wall between the room and the balcony, unlike brick houses, on the contrary, does not carry an important load, but retains heat; in a divided bathroom, you can safely demolish the partition - this will not affect the integrity or stability of the building in any way. There is another way to determine which walls are load-bearing - this is by drilling: the thickness of the main partitions is such that one drill is not enough for a through hole. There is another way to determine which walls are load-bearing - this is drilling: the thickness of the main partitions is such that one drill is not enough for a through hole

There is another way to determine which walls are load-bearing - this is by drilling: the thickness of the main partitions is such that one drill is not enough for a through hole.

Foundation and roof

The height is 27 meters lower than the real one, the reason is due to unaccounted values. The house is not built directly from the ground, it stands on a foundation that has some elevation from the ground level. Residential floors come after the basement. The ground floor of a house is a room that is partially located in the ground; in high-rise buildings it is usually a basement.

Entrance to the ground floor

The foundation is quite a massive structure and must withstand the weight of 9 floors, which can be 15–18 thousand tons (one entrance). But it is almost all hidden underground and is not taken into account.

The roof is a complex technical structure

This is another plus meter to the resulting result, in total it is already 28 meters. A technical floor or roof can be added to this result, approximately 2.0 meters. In some buildings, instead of a technical floor, the elevator lifting mechanism was installed on the roof, and then the height of its cut will be indicated on the project.

How to adjust a room if the ceiling is high

Surprisingly, this is sometimes necessary. For example, in small rooms, high walls create the feeling of a well. And I want to avoid this. We recommend several working methods.

Multi-level

With the help of various protrusions, steps, convex parts and inserts, you can give the room not only an interesting and original look, but also reduce the space a little.

Tensile structure

Pexels

This method is not recommended for apartments where the vertical length of the walls is only 2.5 meters. The reason is simple: the structure is made with an indentation from the ceiling at a distance of 5-20 centimeters, since communications and sound insulation are located inside it. But for high ceilings and small rooms it is a good solution.

Plasterboard structures

This type also requires a setback from the main floor, which means it reduces the height. First, determine the degree of curvature of the surface of the concrete slabs. A ledge is made on top around the perimeter of the room, and LED lighting is placed under it.

Pay special attention to it, since in the future it will be important what size the lamps are and the amount of wiring. Sufficient space must be provided for convenient installation and subsequent operation. Another aspect would be the shape itself.

Drywall can be used to give the top floor a lot of interesting shapes. Therefore, design the number of levels in advance.

Another aspect will be the shape itself. Drywall can be used to give the top floor a lot of interesting shapes. Therefore, design the number of levels in advance.

However, you need to be careful with this method so as not to make it even worse - the design can take away from 15 to 20 centimeters.

Pixabay

Or, as another interesting option, make a glossy or mirror insert in the middle, where there is no structural box. Thus, in contrast with the protrusion, this element will appear higher, and due to the reflection of light, the space will visually increase.

Vertical dimension definition

• Foundation + roof. The depth of the foundation is different everywhere. For example - 2.20 m. + 5 m. = 7.5 m. The height of the floor with ceilings is approximately 3 m. Then the height of the five-story building will be 22.5 m.
• If the house has no basement, and the vertical from the ground is 1.5 m. We calculate the height of each floor together with the ceiling - 15 m. We add the roof height (according to the standard 5 m.) We get 21.5 m.
• It would be easier to determine the height of a house if there was a standard vertical floor dimension. But there is no standard. Because there have always been different house designs. Some had a basement and a multi-pitched roof. Others with a semi-basement and attic. Houses were built with a basement and a high ground floor. Houses with a flat roof but with a 2.5m basement were also built.
• Therefore, on average, a really 5-story building is about 15 m long. It all depends on the thickness of the floor and the height of the floor.
• The very first brick houses could be 14 m high. The ceiling height was small - 2.40 m. By the way, in “Stalinist” houses the amount of air per person was taken into account. In the planning of “Khrushchev” buildings, in the early stages, they were not interested in such trifles.
• Soviet-era houses are a thing of the past. Along with them are standard projects with GOST standards, standard blocks and parts. Therefore, it is simply impossible to determine at what height the apartment is located if you do not know the design of the house. Therefore, a five-story building, taking into account the roof, can be from 22-28 m vertically.

  
  The height of a five-story building. A variant of a standard house design with 2 entrances.

Characteristics of brick, large-block and panel “Khrushchev” buildings

Khrushchev buildings were built according to standard designs in the style of functionalism. Nothing extra. They were panel, brick, and less often large-block. As a result, the most famous were the Khrushchev panel buildings. Because they were quickly built from pre-prepared reinforced concrete panels.

The speed of construction of “Khrushchev” buildings was very high, so the quality of the houses often suffered because of this. In addition, these houses had low thermal insulation of external walls and poor sound insulation inside the house.

Typically, the height of most “Khrushchev” buildings was 4 or 5 floors. Because the height of a five-story building is the maximum height where building codes do not require an elevator. As a result, the 5-story format replaced the 4-story format due to the opportunity to build more apartments.

“Khrushchev buildings” could have 2 or 3 floors. These were more common in rural areas or small towns. Some series of Khrushchev buildings even had a garbage chute. Of course, the height of the house directly depended on the height of the ceiling.

Large block "Khrushchev".

The height of a 5-storey building is how much in meters

If we take the most popular and standard answer, we get -15 meters. But experts know that the height of five floors can be 14 meters and even more than 20 meters. It all depends on the typical house design. It must be said that quite recently, houses 15 meters high were the most popular standard house designs. Low buildings in which you can do without an elevator and fire safety devices.

Typical "Khrushchev".

These were Soviet standard panel or brick residential buildings, usually 5-story, with small-sized apartments, the well-known “Khrushchev” buildings.

We are looking for a load-bearing structure in a panel house

The most common residential buildings are panel type houses. Depending on the series of the house, the location of the load-bearing structures is different. In any case, there are significantly more of them than partitions. One of the most important determinations is thickness measurement. So, remember that basically its value for partitions in panel houses is 80–100 mm, but load-bearing ones can be 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200. When measuring the thickness, it is worth taking into account and. It must either be removed where the wall was measured, or subtracted from the result obtained.

In 80% of cases, the partitions of panel houses are 80 mm thick. Thus, we attribute everything that is thinner than 120 to partitions, but if the measurements are higher than the indicated figure, then the walls are load-bearing. Of course, it may happen that the figure turns out to be 120 mm. Then you should use the services of engineers who developed the layout of the house. One way or another, even if you yourself determine that this wall can be dismantled, you will need a technical opinion from engineers. Only on its basis are any redevelopments allowed.

Brezhnevka

Brezhnevki - panel houses made of concrete and expanded clay, 1960–1990. This is an improved version of the Khrushchev-era panel buildings with an increased number of floors (9 or 16 floors), although there are also five-story Brezhnevkas, which are very similar in appearance to the Khrushchev-era buildings. They began to install elevators and garbage chutes in these buildings, and increased the area of ​​the apartments and the height of the ceilings to 2.70 m. The kitchen is 6–8 m², the bathroom is separate. The walls of Brezhnevka buildings are of better quality, but there are variations of this type of houses with very small apartments - gostinkas: the walls of such houses are no different from the panel Khrushchev houses.

Brezhnevkas are better than Khrushchev panel buildings and are inexpensive, like all old panel houses, but it is still better to give preference to brick buildings or turn your attention to more modern housing. By the way, we will talk about it in the second part of this article.

Photos: bn.ru, zastalina.org, pereplanirovkamos.ru, kraskompas.ru, garantplus48.ru, xruschevka.ru

planning, renovation

Why is height so important?

The standard ceiling height in an apartment (h = 2.5...3.2 meters) often does not allow its owner to realize his interesting design ideas. Having high ceilings in a house is always an advantage, because in such houses there is more light and air, and there is no feeling of enclosed space.

The design project of a room with high ceilings (h=3.2...3.7 meters or more) allows you to embody bright ideas and the most daring decisions.

To avoid the feeling of emptiness, in apartments with high ceilings you can not only hang a multi-level crystal chandelier, but also create an additional attic floor - a recreation area, to which a small staircase leads, and at the top there is an additional sleeping area and a library.

Arrangement of space in residential premises with high ceilings has some features:

For the interior of large rooms with high ceilings, it is recommended to choose massive large furniture

At the same time, it is important not to visually overload the room, so as not to erase the feeling of light and space

It should be noted that the design of a living space with a high ceiling is often done in the loft style (a modern style that can be described by the motto: “fewer partitions, more fresh air”). This style emphasizes the advantages of the room and organizes hidden places for storing things, effectively organizing the surrounding space. But for some owners of living spaces with high ceilings, the Art Nouveau style is to their liking.

Regardless of adherence to style, there is a vast field for imagination. Shaped arches, decorative elements of varying complexity, tension or suspended multi-tiered ceiling structures will look very beautiful and relevant in such rooms. Another advantage of such a room is that there will be no need to set the ceiling level to a centimeter, since they are invisible in the general space.

Stalinka

Stalin's houses are brick or ceramic block buildings built from the mid-30s to early 60s. There are a lot of options for “Stalin” guns - they can’t be called typical

The houses that were built for party workers look very presentable in appearance, have wide staircases, comfortable layouts with isolated large rooms and, most importantly, a spacious kitchen of 7-14 m². Their noise and heat insulation quality is often superior to new buildings

Stalin buildings of a lower class, for workers, were often used as communal apartments: there are long corridors, small rooms, kitchens from 4.5 m².

Common advantages of all Stalin buildings: structural strength, high ceilings from 2.9 m, good layout. The other side of the coin: worn-out communications are the scourge of all old houses. However, if reconstructions were carried out with the replacement of communications, the house will last for a long time, and buying an apartment in it will be a good investment.

Series and types

There are several series of houses from the time of Khrushchev, according to which a brick five-story building was built: series I-528, II-28, I-513, I-511, II-34, II-14, II-20, Mm1-3.

Table of series of brick Khrushchev buildings and the years of their construction

Homes series I-528

The I-528 series houses are considered to be of the highest quality:

• such houses have external walls made of brick;
• during their construction, high-quality parquet, paneled doors and precisely fitted window frames were also used;
• after all, the houses have ceilings higher than usual, a height of -2.7 meters;
• however, due to their small living space and characteristic layout, their origin can still be easily determined.

Brick five-story Khrushchev I-528

When Khrushchev is good

Small Khrushchev is not only full of shortcomings. Such an apartment can have a number of positive aspects. For example, a 2.5-meter ceiling compared to an almost four-meter-high Stalin-era ceiling is an opportunity to warm up any room faster, minimizing the cost of repairs and materials. And if you manage to install an autonomous heating system and sealed plastic windows, then you can forget about problems with central heating forever.

Khrushchev buildings have more modern communication systems than the more spacious Stalin buildings. This applies primarily to electrical networks. The wiring in a Khrushchev-era building can easily withstand a load compatible with any modern electrical consumer, while the wiring in houses of earlier construction was simply not designed for high-power devices.

Panel house

Panel construction is still popular today. The series of projects of such residential buildings differ in the number of floors and the area of ​​residential premises.

Ceilings in panel houses can vary in height (2.5 - 2.7). This parameter depends on the year the building was built, the square footage of the apartments, and the materials from which the building was built.

For example, the ceilings in a Khrushchev panel building may not reach the height of 2.5, and amount to 2.48 m. In such apartments, it is problematic to decide on the choice of ceiling covering.

In different years of construction, residential buildings were erected according to different projects. The houses differed in the number of apartments on the landing, the width of the window openings, and the internal layout of the living quarters.

Thus, the parameters of the apartment ceilings of a panel house depend on the number of storeys and the material with which the building is constructed.

Replacement of glazing in Khrushchev

The main difficulty in glazing Khrushchev houses is the absence of window sills as such in most houses and the small thickness of the external walls

Particular attention should be paid to measuring the window opening before ordering windows. At the same time, immediately consider the size of the window sills and slopes

Often the window opening from which old wooden glazing has been exposed is an uneven rectangle. So the measurements should be averaged over the smaller size. The good thing is that there is no thick layer of delay between the window frame and the edges of the window opening, so there is no need to chisel the walls in search of the edge of the base when taking measurements.

Most Russians have extensive experience in glazing Khrushchev-era buildings and standard solutions for mass-produced houses. Therefore, if you choose the right contractor, there should be no problems.

Making wide window sills will not work. More precisely, it is inappropriate. The result will be too small a window sill support area on the window opening, and as its width increases, the strength of the entire structure will suffer. In addition, the circulation of warm air near the window will deteriorate, which can negatively affect new plastic windows.

Particular attention should be paid to the issue of insulating the window around the entire perimeter and under the window sill using polyurethane foam. It is best to completely dismantle old plaster slopes

The new window sill is further strengthened by laying it on a mortar bed.

Typical distances to the window sill in apartments

If, when designing a private house, the height separating the window sill from the floor is determined individually, then in apartment buildings this trend corresponds to the requirements and standards of the time in which they were built. Moreover, these features affect not only the standards of openings and the above-mentioned distances, but also the gaps between radiator sections, as well as distances from the wall.

Buildings of the Stalin era ("Stalins")

Apartment buildings of the pre-war and post-war era are distinguished by the originality of window openings, the width of which varies from 50 to 60 cm. Tall and narrow windows in them were installed 70-80 cm from the floor, which made it possible to easily install a heating radiator in a specially prepared niche. Such indentations do not interfere with modern renovations, but due to the recesses in the wall, they allow you to “hide” the battery without assembling additional sheathing.

An example of a door to a loggia and windows in a Stalin-built apartmentSource 2gis.com

Khrushchev buildings

Residential buildings built during the era of the “reign” of N.S. Khrushchev. In the conversation they were called “Khrushchevka” and negative ones: “Khrushchev” and “Slums”. In most cases, these are small-sized 5-story panel or brick buildings. A distinctive feature of budget buildings of this era concerns strict compliance with GOST, which prescribed the following criteria:

• The distance from the top edge of the window sill to the floor is 92 cm.
• From the bottom – 82-86 cm.
• The depth of the internal slope is 25 cm.
• The distance from the top edge of the window opening to the ceiling is 24 cm.
• The protrusion of the window sill from the plane of the wall is 9 cm.
• The length of the battery relative to the window opening is 70-75%.

Brezhnevka

From the point of view of the people living in them, “Brezhnevki” were called deteriorated “Stalinka” or improved “Khrushchevka”. Another nickname assigned to this arithmetic mean between two diametrically opposed apartments is “Improved” (naturally in comparison with the small-sized apartments built during the Khrushchev era). However, the window openings have been preserved from the previous period of Nikita Sergeevich’s reign.

Modern development

Since the beginning of the 1990s. regulation of the size of window openings and the distance from the window sill to the floor has been discontinued. As mentioned earlier, the criterion is only advisory and is determined in accordance with individual parameters that ensure normal lighting.

Example of window location in a modern apartmentSource wp.com

Since 2000 in multi-storey construction, panoramic glazing is used, which implies a gap between the floor and the window of 30-40 cm. As mentioned earlier, radiators are “hidden” along the windows or a heated floor system is used, which allows the opening to be lowered to the baseboard.

An example of successful use of a window sillSource mr-build.ru

Series 447

Five-story, sometimes three or four-story buildings. For the construction of buildings, red brick or low-quality white silicate material was used. The building does not provide cladding. Khrushchev buildings of the 447th series are not officially scheduled for demolition, except in isolated cases, such as the reconstruction of a block or the expansion of a highway.

Layout characteristics

Key Features:

• All apartments, except those located on the first floors, have loggias and balconies.
• The ceilings vary in height from 2.48 to 2.50 meters.
• Combined bathrooms.
• There is a modified project in the form of a small family with one-room apartments.

Khrushchev building layout plans

The layout of most apartments has adjacent rooms; corner housing can be designed with isolated rooms. There are many modifications of this series: from 1-447С-1 to 1-447С-54.

The photo shows the project of the Khrushchev 447 series.

Series I-447С-25

Standard project I-447С-26

House series 1-447С-42

House series 1-447С-47 (48 and 49 have a similar layout).

In the improved series there are isolated two-room trams or three-room apartments with two adjacent and one isolated room, the largest of which is always a walk-through room.

Typical residential building series I-447С-54

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive and negative features of Khrushchev.

Despite some disadvantages, Khrushchev buildings are quite popular and have a good reputation. With proper design, you can achieve a fairly comfortable and functional layout with personal space for each family member.